Journal of Literary Criticism

Journal of Literary Criticism

Narrative analysis in Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts play: looking at Paul Simpson's modal-narrative perspective

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
zahra rasta 1
ataollah koopal 2
Nayer Tahoori
Seyed Rahman Mortazavi
1 Student of Art Research, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
10.22034/jlc.2024.472879.1665
Abstract
T










Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY -NC) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).





 



The present study analyzes narrative, aspect, and narrative in Henrik Ibsen’s play “Ghosts” and uses Paul Simpson’s aspect-narrative perspective. The main challenge of the article is how Ibsen depicts social and moral issues through narrative structures and perspective contrasts, and how these effects affect the audience’s understanding of the text. The main issue is what narrative techniques have helped Ibsen to deeply examine the characters and social realities of his time? The aim of the article is to present a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between narrative structure and human themes in a descriptive-analytical manner in “Ghosts”. The innovation lies in combining Paul Simpson’s theory with the analysis of the text of this play, which helps to better understand the complexities of narrative and aspect in literature. The results show that Ibsen, by using multifaceted structures and creating internal tensions, has been able to present an influential and profound narrative that not only reflects the social issues of his time, but also encourages the audience to think about the realities of life and social norms. This research helps to clarify the relationship between Simpson's theory and the text of Ibsen's play Ghosts and adds to the richness of literary criticism approaches in the field of narratology.
 
Keywords
Narrative analysis
Facet and narrative
Play Ghosts
Henrik Ibsen
Paul Simpson
Subjects
آسابرگر، آ. (1380). روایت در فرهنگ عامیانه، رسانه و زندگی روزمره. تهران: سروش.##آقاگل‌زاده، ف. (1385). تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی. تهران: علمی فرهنگی.##آقاگل‌زاده، ف. (1387). بررسی زبان‌شناختی دیدگاه روایتگری «روز اول قبر» صادق چوبک در چهارچوب مدل سیمپسون. نقد ادبی، 3، 7 ـ 28 .##ایبسن، ه. (1382). خانۀ عروسک و اشباح. ترجمۀ م. فروغ. تهران: زوار.##ایبسن، ه. (1390). خانۀ عروسک و اشباح. ترجمۀ م. فروغ. تهران: زوار.##پرینس، ج. (1391). روایت‌شناسی، شکل و کارکرد روایت. ترجمۀ م. شهبا. تهران: مینوی خرد.##تولان، م .ج. (1383). درآمدی نقادانه، زبان‌شناختی روایت. ترجمۀ ا. حری. تهران: فارابی.##تولان، م. ج. (1386). روایت‌شناسی: درآمدی زبان‌شناختی انتقادی. ترجمۀ س.ف. علوی و ف. نعمتی. تهران: سمت.##ژنت، ژ. (1392). تخیل و بیان؛ نقد زبان‌شناختی. ترجمۀ ا. اسداللهی تجرق. تهران: سخن.##ژنت، ژ. (1394). نظریۀ روایت‌شناسی: بررسی و تطبیق دو رمان خشم و هیاهو و سمفونی مردگان. ترجمۀ ا. شیروانی. تهران: وانیا.##ژنت، ژ. (1398). گفتمان روایت. ترجمۀ م. زواریان. تهران: سمت.##ژنت، ژ. (1399). گفتمان روایی. ترجمۀ م. طیورپرواز. تهران: مهراندیش.##ژنت، ژ. (1400). گفتمان روایت. ترجمۀ آ. حسین‌زاده و ک. شهپرراد. تهران: نیلوفر.##سیمپسون، پ. (1398). سبک‌شناسی با شواهدی از نظم و نثر فارسی. ترجمۀ ف. کردچگینی. تهران: سیاهرود.##سیمپسون، پ. (1399). سبک‌شناسی. ترجمۀ ن. فقیه ملک مرزبان. تهران: الزهرا.##نوروزی، د. (1388). تحلیل ساختاری داستان‌های کهن فارسی. تهران: هنر و ارتباطات.##Aghagolzadeh, F. (2006). Critical discourse analysis. Elmi Farhangi.##Aghagolzadeh, F. (2008). A linguistic study of the narratorial perspective in Sadeq Chubak’s “The First Night in the Grave” within Simpson’s model. Naqd ـ e Adabi Quarterly, (3), 7–28.## Asaberger, A. (2001). Narrative in popular culture, media, and everyday life (M. Reza Lidavi, Trans.). Soroush. (Original work published in 1980)##Genette, G. (1980). Narrative discourse. Cornell university press.##Genette, G. (1980). Narrative discourse. Cornell University Press.## Genette, G. (2013). Fiction and diction: A linguistic critique (A. Sh. Asadollahi Tajraq, Trans.). Sokhan.## Genette, G. (2015). Narratology theory: A comparative study of Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury and Abbasi’s Symphony of the Dead (E. Shirvani, Trans.). Vania.##Genette, G. (2019). Narrative discourse (M. Zovarian, Trans.). SAMT.##Genette, G. (2020). Narrative discourse (M. T. Parvaz, Trans.). Mehrandish.## Genette, G. (2021). Narrative discourse (A. Hosseinzadeh & K. Shahparrad, Trans.). Niloufar.##Ibsen, H. (2003). A Doll’s House and Ghosts (M. Forough, Trans.). Zowar. (Original work published in 1881)##Ibsen, H. (2011). A Doll’s House and Ghosts (M. Forough, Trans., 3rd ed.). Zowar. (Original work published in 1881)## Norouzi, D. (2009). A structural analysis of classical Persian stories. Honar va Ertebatat.##Prince, G. (2012). Narratology: The form and function of narrative (M. Shahba, Trans., 2nd ed.). Minuye Kherad.##Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistick. Routlege.##Simpson, P. (1993). Language ideology and point of view. Routledg.##Simpson, P. (1993). Language, ideology and point of view. Routledge.##Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics. Routledge.##Simpson, P. (2019). Stylistics with examples from Persian poetry and prose (F. Kord Chegini, Trans.). Siahrood.##Simpson, P. (2020). Stylistics (N. F. Malek Marzban, Trans.). Alzahra University Press.##Thompson, E. (2004). Introducing functional grammar. second ed. Arnold.##Thompson, E. G. (1997). Introducing functional grammar. Arnold.##Thompson, E. G. (2004). Introducing functional grammar (2nd ed.). Arnold. ##Thompson, E. Geoff(1997). Introducing functional grammar. Arnold.##Toolan, M. J. (2004). Narrative: A critical introduction (A. Hariri, Trans.). Farabi.##Toolan, M. J. (2007). Narrative: A critical linguistic introduction (S. F. Alavi & F. Nemati, Trans.). SAMT.##
Journal of Literary Criticism
Volume 9, Issue 18
November 2025
Pages 45-1

  • Receive Date 12 August 2024
  • Revise Date 16 November 2024
  • Accept Date 02 December 2024