1
Department of Performing Arts and Music, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
2
Department of Performing Arts and Music, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/jlc.2026.576828.1825
Abstract
The narrativity of the static image remains one of the most debated issues in narratology. Narrative is commonly regarded as a verbal phenomenon grounded in temporal succession; consequently, painting and photography are often excluded from its domain. Focusing on two miniatures by Kamal al-Din Behzad—“Joseph’s Scape from Zulaykha” and “The Mourning of a Son at His Father’s Death”—this study asks how Behzad’s paintings can be understood as narratives and how the relationship between space and time enables the formation of narrative within these works. The research adopts a qualitative, analytical-descriptive method. Drawing on the narrative theories of Gerard Genette and Mieke Bal, it examines the spatial configuration, the movement of figures, and the spatiotemporal organization of the miniatures. The findings indicate that through circular and spatial compositions, as well as through dynamic figural movement and visual rhythm, Behzad generates a form of narrative temporality within the image itself. In these works, the sequence of actions is not merely the result of the viewer’s subjective experience; rather, it emerges from the internal spatial configuration of the painting. Thus, Behzad’s miniatures embody a dynamic and multilayered narrative structure. By demonstrating how time can be constructed through spatial organization in a static image, these works challenge the assumption that narrative necessarily depends on verbal language and linear temporality, and they call for a reconsideration of classical definitions of narrative within visual culture and art historical discourse more broadly.
Massoudi,S and Sattari,N . (2026). Narrative Paintings: The Manifestation of Narrative Possibilities in Selected Miniatures of Kamāl al-Dīn Behzād. (e245193). Journal of Literary Criticism, (), e245193 doi: 10.22034/jlc.2026.576828.1825
MLA
Massoudi,S , and Sattari,N . "Narrative Paintings: The Manifestation of Narrative Possibilities in Selected Miniatures of Kamāl al-Dīn Behzād" .e245193 , Journal of Literary Criticism, , , 2026, e245193. doi: 10.22034/jlc.2026.576828.1825
HARVARD
Massoudi S, Sattari N. (2026). 'Narrative Paintings: The Manifestation of Narrative Possibilities in Selected Miniatures of Kamāl al-Dīn Behzād', Journal of Literary Criticism, (), e245193. doi: 10.22034/jlc.2026.576828.1825
CHICAGO
S Massoudi and N Sattari, "Narrative Paintings: The Manifestation of Narrative Possibilities in Selected Miniatures of Kamāl al-Dīn Behzād," Journal of Literary Criticism, (2026): e245193, doi: 10.22034/jlc.2026.576828.1825
VANCOUVER
Massoudi S, Sattari N. Narrative Paintings: The Manifestation of Narrative Possibilities in Selected Miniatures of Kamāl al-Dīn Behzād. Journal of Literary Criticism. 2026;():e245193 (In Persian). doi: 10.22034/jlc.2026.576828.1825